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D
Data Exchange File (.dxf files): A tagged data representation of the information contained
in an AutoCAD drawing file. The DXF file format is a native
file format of AutoCAD. It has become a standard for exchanging
CAD drawings and is supported by many CAD applications.
DXF format is vector based and supports up to 256 colors.
Deckle edge: The rough or feathered edge of
paper when left untrimmed.
Delete: An instruction given to remove
an element from a layout.
Descender: In typography, the part of the letterform
that dips below the baseline; usually refers to lowercase
letters and some punctuation, but some typefaces have uppercase
letters with descenders.
Design: The arrangement of elements,
both text and visuals, to visually and creatively communicate
an idea or message.
Designer: An artist trained to present
information visually in a clear and creative manner. Most
designers have a traditional fine arts background as well
as skills in commercial art.
Desktop: The layer in a drawing where you
can experiment and create objects for future use. This layer
is outside the borders of the drawing page. You can drag
objects from the desktop layer to the drawing page when
you decide to use them.
Desktop publishing: Setting type and arranging
elements using a computer and software designed for this
purpose. (Warning: often not done well by lay people!)
Diacritical mark: An accent mark above,
below, or through a written character;
for example, the acute (') and grave (`) accents.
Digital: A piece of information recognizable
and therefore manipulatable and storable on a computer.
Digital Proof: Color separation data is
digitally stored and then exposed to color photographic
paper creating a picture of the final product before it
is actually printed.
Die: An engraved stamp used for impressing
an image or design.
Die Cutting: A method of using sharp steel
ruled stamps or rollers to cut various shapes i.e. labels,
boxes, image shapes, either post press or in line.
Die Cutting: The process of cutting paper
in a shape or design by the use of a wooden die or block
in which are positioned steel rules in the shape of the
desired pattern.
Dimension line: A line that displays the
size of objects or the distance or angle between objects.
Dingbat typeface: A typeface made up of nonalphabetic
marker characters, such as arrows, asterisks, encircled
numbers.
Dingbats: Typefaces that consist of symbol
characters such as decorations, arrows and bullets.
Discretionary hyphen: A hyphen that will occur only
if the word appears at the end of a line, not if the word
appears in the middle of a line.
Display type: Large and/or decorative type used for
headlines and as graphic elements in display pieces. Common
sizes are 14, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48, 60, and 72 point.
Dither: For digital halftones, the creation of a
flat bitmap by simply rutning dots off or on. All dots are
the same size there are simply more of them in dark areas
and fewer of them in light areas -- as opposed to deep bitmaps
used in gray-scale images.
Dithering: Changing images to the Paletted color
mode lets you use dithering to enhance color information.
Dithering places pixels with specific colors or values relative
to other pixels of a specific color. The relationship of
one colored pixel to another creates the appearance of additional
colors that do not exist in the color palette. You can use
two types of dithering: ordered dithering and error diffusion.
Ordered dithering approximates color blends using fixed
dot patterns; as a result, solid colors are emphasized and
edges appear harder. Error diffusion scatters pixels irregularly,
making edges and colors softer. Jarvis, Stucki, and Floyd-Steinberg
are conversion options that provide error diffusion.
Dot: The smallest individual element of
a halftone.
Dot gain: Terms to describe the occurrence
whereby dots are printing larger than they should.
DPI (dots per inch): The unit of measurement
used to describe the resolution of printed output.
The most common desktop laser printers output a 300
dpi. Medium-resolution printers output at 600 dpi.
Image setters output at 1270-2540 dpi.
Drop cap: A design style in which
the first capital letter of a paragraph is set in
a larger point size and aligned with the top of the
first line. This method is used to indicate the start
of a new section of text, such as a chapter.
Drop shadow: A shadow image placed strategically
behind an image to create the affect of the image
lifting off the page.
Dry mount: Pasting with heat sensitive
adhesives.
Dummy: A term used to describe the
preliminary assemblage of copy and art elements to
be reproduced in the desired finished product; also
called a comp.
Duotone: A halftone image printed with two
colors, one dark and the other light. The same photograph
is halftoned twice, using the same screen at two different
angles combining the two improves the detail and contrast.
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